Kuki uduce tw'urumuri rwa LED tudacana? Isesengura ry'ihame ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara ibintu bidacana

I. Intangiriro: Ingaruka zihishe zo gushyuha n'ububabare bw'ingenzi bw'abakoresha
1.1Ingaruka z'urumuri rwa LED zihinduka gute?
Flicker yerekeza ku kintu aho urumuri rw'umuyoboro w'urumuri rwa LED ruhinduka vuba kandi rimwe na rimwe uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ishingiro ryarwo ni urumuri rusimburana n'umwijima biterwa n'umuyoboro uhindagurika. Iri hindagurika rishobora kugaragara ku maso cyangwa rigashobora kugaragara nk'urumuri rutandukanye. Dukurikije ibipimo bya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ishinzwe Imurika (CIE) TN 006-2016, iyo umuvuduko w'urumuri urenze 125Hz, ijisho ry'umuntu ubusanzwe ntirishobora kubibona, ariko urumuri rudasobanutse rushobora kugira ingaruka mbi.

1.2 Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ingaruka za Stroboscopic ku buzima n'ubuzima
Ijwi rito cyane (100Hz – 120Hz) rishobora gutera umunaniro mu maso, kuribwa umutwe, amaso yumye n'ibindi bibazo. Kuryirebaho igihe kirekire byongera umutwaro ku maso. Ijwi rito cyane (>1kHz), nubwo ritagaragara ku maso, rishobora gutera imirongo n'imirongo yijimye mu gihe cyo kurasa ku muvuduko mwinshi, kandi rishobora no kubangamira imikorere y'umubiri, rigahagarika isohoka rya melatonin, kandi rikagira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gusinzira. Ku bantu bafite ubushobozi bwo kumva urumuri, ijwi rito cyane rishobora no kongera ibyago byo kurwara igicuri. Ku bana, kuryirebaho igihe kirekire bishobora kwihutisha iterambere rya myopia.

1.3 Kuki uduce twinshi tw'urumuri tugira ikibazo cyo kuzima?
Imirongo myinshi y'urumuri rwa LED ku isoko ifite ibyago byo kuzimya. Impamvu nyamukuru zishobora gusobanurwa mu ngingo eshatu: Icya mbere, kugenzura ikiguzi. Ibicuruzwa bike bigabanya umubare wa capacitors za filter kandi bigakoresha chips zihendutse zo gutwara, zidashobora gukumira imivuduko ya voltage; Icya kabiri, kudahuza neza n'izimya. Imirongo gakondo ya PWM yo kuzimya ni mike cyane, cyane cyane mu bihe by'urumuri ruto, bigatuma zizimya; Icya gatatu, inenge mu miterere. Ingufu n'urumuri ntibihuye neza, kandi ibura rya voltage ry'insinga ndende ntiryishyurwa, bigatuma umuriro udahagarara neza.

II. Isesengura ry'ibanze: Impamvu z'ibanze zitera urumuri rwa LED
2.1 Kudahinduka kw'Umuriro: Impamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho gushya
Ubushyuhe bw'urumuri rwa LED bugenzurwa burundu n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo habayeho ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, urumuri ruzahinduka byanze bikunze. Imirongo myinshi y'urumuri rwa LED igomba guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ya 220V AC mo 12V/24V DC. Niba imiterere y'ibice byo gukosora, kuyungurura, n'ibice byo kugenzura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi udahinduka idatunganye, bizatuma habaho ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, hanyuma bigatera guhindagurika.

2.2 Ubwoko bubiri bw'ingufu zisanzwe n'impamvu zazo
Kuzima kwa frequency nke (100Hz - 120Hz): Ibi ahanini biterwa no kutagira ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura amashanyarazi nyuma yo gukosora, aho ibice bya AC bisigaye bitera ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi. Bikunze kugaragara mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihendutse bidafite capacitors za electrolytic cyangwa bifite ubushobozi buke. Kumara igihe kirekire muri ibyo bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishobora gutera umunaniro woroshye.
Ijwi rikoresha frequency nyinshi (>1kHz): Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihe byo kugabanuka kwa PWM. Ndetse n'ibimenyetso bya PWM bifite frequency nke (<200Hz) bitagaragara n'amaso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo mu gihe cyo kurasa. Hari ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora no gutanga ijwi bitewe n'interference ya harmonic, bigatuma habaho gushyuha gukomeye.

2.3 Ibintu by'inyongera bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Uretse ibibazo by'ingenzi mu gutwara, uburebure bw'insinga, imikorere ya sisitemu yo gusohora urumuri, hamwe n'ingaruka mbi z'amashanyarazi (EMC) nabyo bishobora gutera gucikagurika. Urugero, niba imiyoboro y'urumuri ya 12V irengeje metero 5 nta kiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho ntuzahinduka bitewe n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi; ibikoresho bigenzura amashanyarazi bitari iby'ubwenge bitagira imikorere yo gusohora urumuri ikoresha frequency nyinshi, bishobora gutera amakimbirane n'imiyoboro y'urumuri.

III. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Igisubizo cyacu cy'ingenzi kuriDisiki idahindagurika
3.1 Ihame ry'ingenzi: Ishingiro ry'uko nta muyaga uhindagurika ni "umuraba uhoraho + umuraba udafite amazi"
Gukora neza nta gucikagurika ntabwo byongera gusa umuvuduko w'urumuri. Ahubwo, ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu gutunganya ibikoresho no kugenzura uburyo bwo gukoresha algorithm, bigatuma umuriro ugenda neza, bityo bigatuma umuvuduko w'urumuri ukomeza kuba mwiza nta guhindagurika gukomeye. Muri icyo gihe, bireba imikorere y'urumuri, gukoresha ingufu neza, n'amahame agenga imikorere ya electromagnetic. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye mu bintu byinshi bya tekiniki.

3.2 Gutunganya ibikoresho: Kugabanya urumuri ku isoko
3.2.1 Guhitamo udupira tw'amashanyarazi dukoresha umuriro twiza cyane
Hakoreshejwe utumashini duto two kugenzura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi tudahinduka (constant current control chips) dufite imikorere myiza nka TI TPS92662, hamwe n’imiterere ya Buck/Flyback step-up/down topology, haboneka uburyo bwo kugenzura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi buri munsi ya 1%. Igipimo cyo gufunga umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kirenze 60dB, bigatuma umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uhoraho kandi udahindagurika. Muri icyo gihe, uruziga rugenzura ubwiyongere bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi rushyirwa hamwe kugira ngo rukurikirane impinduka z’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi mu gihe nyacyo kandi rutunganye mu buryo bufatika ihindagurika ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’impinduka z’umutwaro.

3.2.2 Imiterere yo gushungura no kubika ingufu mu buryo bunoze
Ku mpera y'ingufu, hashyirwaho capacitor ya electrolytic ifite voltage nyinshi. Ku mpera y'ingufu, capacitor ya filter ifite frequency nyinshi ihuzwa mu buryo bungana. Urusobe rw'ingufu ebyiri rutuma voltage ihindagurika neza kandi rukirinda ko ibice bya AC bisigara. Ku bijyanye n'igihe capacitor imara, hatoranywa capacitor ya electrolytic imara igihe kirekire, kandi imiterere y'urusobe iranonosorwa kugira ngo ihuze ubushobozi bwa capacitor n'ingano y'umusaruro. Ibi byemeza ingaruka zo kuyungurura mu gihe cyongera igihe cy'ubuzima rusange.

3.2.3 Uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya urumuri n'uruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi
Mu gukoresha imiterere y’urumuri rw’umwimerere rwa “first parallel hanyuma series”, ikibazo cy’umutwaro utaringaniye uterwa n’ikosa rya voltage yo kuyobora imbere (VF) y’amasaro y’urumuri rwa LED kirakemuka. Ibi birinda ihindagurika ry’urumuri rw’aho ruherereye. Muri circuit, diode na varistors byihuse bihuzwa muri series kugira ngo bihagarike voltage yo kwiyongera n’interference ya electromagnetic, birusheho kunoza imiterere y’umuriro no kuzuza ibisabwa na EMC.

3.3 Ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima urumuri: Guhuza uburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri rudacana kandi rudacana cyane
3.3.1 Gahunda y'uruhererekane rw'ingufu za PWM na Linear Dimming
Ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PWM ripima inshuro nyinshi rya >3kHz, rijyanye na protocole ya DMX512. Nubwo haba hari urumuri ruto ruri munsi ya 30%, nta rumuri rugaragara. Muri icyo gihe, ihuza urumuri rurerure (Analog Dimming). Mu guhindura agaciro k'umuyoboro uhoraho, urumuri rushobora guhinduka, hirindwa ibyago bishobora guterwa n'ihinduka ry'ishusho ry'urumuri mu rumuri rusanzwe rwa PWM, kandi igatuma habaho urumuri rudahinduka mu rumuri rwose.

3.3.2 Gukoresha neza uburyo Smart Dimming ihura
Ikorana na protocole zo kugabanya urumuri mu buryo bwa digitale nka DALI na 0-10V. Ifite algorithm yo kumenya imbere mu buryo bw'ubwenge ishobora guhindura mu buryo bwikora ibipimo byo kugabanya urumuri hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane ajyanye n'imikorere. Itandukanya imiyoboro yigenga ya RGBW kugira ngo igabanye interference ya PWM signal no gukuraho ikibazo cya harmonic resonance iyo amabara menshi y'urumuri ashyizwe hejuru.

3.4 Uburinzi ku rwego rwa sisitemu: Igenzura ryuzuye ry'ubudahangarwa mu bihe byose
3.4.1 Gutanga Ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kunoza amashanyarazi y'umurongo muremure
Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'insinga ndende, hashyirwaho uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga amashanyarazi: ku migozi y'urumuri ya 12V, aho ingufu zishyirwa buri metero 5; ku migozi y'urumuri ya 24V, amashanyarazi y'inyongera atangwa buri metero 10 kugira ngo yishyure igihombo cya voltage no kwemeza ko umuriro uhoraho umeze kimwe mu migozi yose y'urumuri. Moduli yo kugenzura ifite resistor na capacitors zishobora guhinduka, zishobora kunoza ingufu bitewe n'imiterere y'umutwaro no kugera ku musaruro uhamye hamwe na PF > 0.7.

3.4.2 Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo amashanyarazi ahura n'ibintu bitandukanye (EMC)
Mu kunoza imiterere y’urukiramende no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuyungurura bungana (balanced common-mode/differential-mode filters), ingaruka zo kuyungurura zirushaho kwiyongera mu gihe hirindwa ko habaho andi majwi aterwa no kubangamira amashanyarazi. Ibi bigeraho intego ebyiri zo gukuraho gushyuha no kubahiriza amahame ya EMC, bikemura ikibazo cya tekiniki cy’ “ubusumbane hagati yo kuyungurura no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika” mu nganda.

IV. Gutahura no kugenzura: Ikimenyetso kidakuka cy'ubwiza budasobanutse
4.1 Amahame n'Ibipimo by'Ibizamini by'Umwuga
Kubahiriza neza amabwiriza ya IEEE Std 1789-2015 kugira ngo urebe neza ko igipimo cy’ingufu kiri munsi ya 5% kandi igipimo cy’ingufu kiri munsi ya 0.05, ibi bikaba biruta cyane urugero rw’umutekano rw’inganda. Buri gice cy’ibicuruzwa cyanyuze mu cyemezo cya TÜV kitari ingufu ndetse n’icyemezo cya IEC/TR 61547-1 cyo guhuza amashanyarazi, kikagenzura ubuziranenge uhereye aho gituruka.

4.2 Uburyo bwo kugenzura inshuro eshatu
Icyiciro cya R&D: Koresha oscilloscope kugira ngo upime imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, umenye ibibazo byihishe nka ripple ya 100Hz, kandi urebe neza ko imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ihamye; Icyiciro cyo gukora: Koresha itara rya strobe kugira ngo umenye ijanisha rya strobing n'ikimenyetso cya flicker, kandi uhakane ibicuruzwa bidahuye nabyo mu buryo butaziguye; Icyiciro cy'uruganda: Urugero rw'ibizamini byo gufata telefoni zigezweho kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta mirongo irasa, imigozi yijimye, nibindi.

4.3 Abakoresha bashobora kugenzura uburyo ku giti cyabo
Uburyo bwa kamera ya telefoni igendanwa: Fungura uburyo bwo gukoresha videwo buhoro bwa telefoni igendanwa hanyuma urebe ku murongo w'urumuri. Niba nta mirongo y'umukara n'umweru bigaragara, bigaragaza ko nta kintu kigaragara kigaragara. Uburyo bw'uburambe bw'igihe kirekire: Bukoreshwe buri gihe mu gihe kirenze amasaha 3 nta ntege nke z'amaso cyangwa ibimenyetso by'umutwe, byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ubone urumuri rwiza.

V. Ibyiza by'ibicuruzwa: Agaciro k'ikoranabuhanga ridafite flash
5.1 Uburinzi bw'ubuzima: Bukwiriye abaturage bose
Iyo hatabayeho urumuri rudacana, birinda umunaniro w'amaso n'umutwe, nibindi, kandi bikwiranye n'ibintu nk'iby'abana mu ishuri n'iby'ibiro, ndetse no mu mibereho y'abageze mu za bukuru. Muri icyo gihe, bikuraho ibyago byo gutera igicuri gishobora kwibasirwa n'amafoto, bigatanga ahantu heza ho kubona urumuri ku matsinda y'abantu bafite ibibazo.

5.2 Guhuza n'umwuga: Guhura n'ibisabwa mu gufata amashusho n'ibintu byihariye
Nta kintu kigaragara gihishe gihita gikoreshwa cyane. Mu bihe nk'amafoto, kureba amashusho mu buryo bwa Live, n'amatara yo kwerekana amashusho, bishobora kubuza lens gufata imirongo cyangwa imigozi yijimye, bigatuma amashusho aba meza; urumuri rwose nta kintu kigaragara gihita gihita, kandi gikwiranye n'ibikenewe bitandukanye nko kugabanya urumuri mu kirere no kumurikira nijoro.

5.3 Ituze ry'igihe kirekire: Kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bw'ibicuruzwa
Umuriro uhoraho ugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi y'amatara ya LED. Iyo ukoresheje utumashini dutwara umuriro n'udukoresho tw'amashanyarazi bimara igihe kirekire, ubuzima bw'icyo gikoresho bwongerwaho ibirenze 30% ugereranije n'uduce dusanzwe tw'urumuri. Gutunganya voltage no kwirinda kubangamira imikorere y'ikintu bituma gihuzwa n'insinga zifite uburebure bwa metero 5-20, bihaza ibyifuzo byo gushushanya ahantu hanini.

Kuba nta mashini zicana mu miyoboro y'urumuri rwa LED zicana si ikibazo cyo guteranya ibikoresho gusa; ni umusaruro w'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro yo kuyungurura, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi, no guhuza ingufu za elegitoroniki. Buri gihe twanga kugabanya ikiguzi kandi tugaha abakoresha "ibintu bitagaragara mu maso, byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bivumburwe, kandi bihuzwe neza n'ibintu bitandukanye" imiyoboro y'urumuri rwa LED idacana, tugakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo buri rumuri rw'urumuri rube rwiza kandi rufite ubuzima bwiza.
Niba uhura n'ibibazo byo gucikagurika mu gihe cyo gushushanya inzu cyangwa mu gihe cyo gucana amatara yo mu biro, nyamuneka koreshakugisha inamaitsinda ryacu rya tekiniki kugira ngo tubone ibisubizo byihariye by'amatara adacanacana.

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