Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema e aʻo ana i nā ʻano physiological o nā makika e hōʻike ana kēia mau pepeke i ka ʻike kūikawā a me ka makemake no kekahi mau ʻano mālamalama, ʻoiai e pale aku ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike nā noiʻi hou he ʻelua mau maka hui ko nā makika, aia kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 500 a 600 ommatidia. ʻO ka nui o nā ommatidia e ʻae ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālamalama ākea, e kōkua ana i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka mālamalama. Ma ke ʻano ʻepekema, hōʻike nā makika i ʻelua ʻano pane i nā nalu mālamalama like ʻole: ke ʻano phototactic a me ka photophobic. ʻO ke kukui polū me nā nalu ma lalo o 500nm e huki pinepine i nā makika, ʻoiai ʻo ke kukui ma luna o 500nm, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā nalu ma mua o 560nm, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka neʻe ʻana i nā makika. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā mālamalama hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lele ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me ka emi ʻana o ka hana i nā makika.
Ma ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano photophobic o nā makika, ua hana pū kā mākou mau ʻenekinia spectral me nā hui noiʻi biological e hoʻomohala i kahi spectrum kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā makika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana spectral ponoʻī. Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana ma nā spectra he nui, ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi ʻano spectrum i kuhikuhi ʻia e kākoʻo i nā noi pale makika.
Hoʻopuka ke kukui LED pale makika i hana ʻia e Mingxue Optoelectronics i ke kukui ʻālohilohi, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i nā nalu māmā e pale aku ai nā makika, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kaiapuni kukui ʻaʻole kūpono i nā makika. Ua hana ʻia ka puka kukui ʻike ʻia o kēia kaha me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana kukui polū a me ka poni, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hopena hiki ke loaʻa i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni a puni. He huahana kukui kino pale makika kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana kaohi makika maʻamau, me nā huahana kemika a me nā kukui makika maʻamau, hāʻawi kēia huahana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona pono:
- Hana ia ma o ka pale ʻana i ke kukui kino me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā meaola, e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka spectrum ma nā ʻāpana kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i kūpono me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻike kanaka, ka hoʻoulu holoholona, a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā kūlana kūpono.
- ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i nā mea kemika a i ʻole nā koena. ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ke kumu kukui i ka mālamalama polū a me ka poni a hoʻohana i kahi lako mana anti-stroboscopic, i hoʻolālā ʻia e kākoʻo i ka palekana photobiological no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Hoʻohana ka hoʻonohonoho spectral a me ke ʻano kukui i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻohui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena spectral paʻa, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe, a kākoʻo i ka hana mau.
- Hōʻike nā haʻawina e pale aku nā makika i ka mālamalama ma ka pae spectral 570-590nm. Ua hana ʻia kēia huahana e uhi i kēia pae a kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke alo o nā makika. Hōʻalo ia i nā nalu ma lalo o 500nm e hiki ke huki i nā makika, e kākoʻo ana i ka hana repellent i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma mua o nā kukui makika LED maʻamau.
- Hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ua hiki aku ka uhi pale makika o kēia huahana ma kahi o 0.8 a 1 mika kuea no kēlā me kēia watt, e kūpono ana no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi ʻāpana nui. I nā kau kiʻekiʻe o nā makika, hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā makika mai nā kumu wai a me nā wahi hānau, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā makika a me nā pae heluna.
- Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona o waho i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wai ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa i ka UV, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻohana palekana ʻana i loko a ma waho, e like me nā wahi noho, nā paka, a me nā māla.
- Kūkulu ʻia me ka ʻenehana LED, hāʻawi ka huahana i ka hoʻohana mana haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui pale namu kuʻuna, e kākoʻo ana i ka hana mālama ikehu.

E leka uila mai iā mākou inā makemake ʻoe i kahi laʻana no ka hoʻāʻo! Loaʻa iā mākou nā kukui LED ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana me ke kaha COB, ke kaha CSP, ka Neon flex a me ka mea holoi paia.